tkudhnsoh ctkt |
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cky fookg rRdkyhu Hkkjrh; lekt esa cky fookg u dsoy çpfyr Fkk] oju mls lkekftd ekU;rk çkIr FkhA ßv"V o"kkZ Hkosr~ xkSjhÞ vFkkZr 8 o"khZ; dU;k nsoh gksrh gS] bls ekuus okys ns'k esa Lo;a tkudhnsoh dk fookg lk<+s vkB o"kZ esa tc gqvk rks mUgsa uhan esa gh diM+s igukdj fookg laLdkj esa cSBk fn;k x;kA Lo;a tkudhth us ckn esa dgk--- ^ml le; dh fLFkfr rFkk vkt dh lkekftd fLFkfr ij tc fopkj djrh gwa rks nks fojks/kh fp= esjh vka[ksa ds lkeus vk tkrs gSaA vkt ftu çFkkvksa dks ge dqjhfr;ka dgrs gSa ml le; os fjokt vPNs ekus tkrs Fks---* tkudhnsoh us bl #f<+oknh ijaijk dks rksM+kA oSokfgd rM+d&HkM+d lekIr dj nhA viO;; cpkus ds fy, fnu esa fookg fd;s vkSj cky fookg çFkk dk tcjnLr fojks/k fd;kA |
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inkZ çFkk dk R;kx mu fnuksa ?kwa?kV çfr"Bk] lH;rk vkSj dqyhurk dk fpUg ekuk tkrk FkkA ekjokM+h fL=;ksa esa ijnk çFkk dh tM+sa dkQh xgjh FkhaA /kuh vkSj fu/kZu]f'kf{kr vkSj vf'kf{kr lHkh oxks± esa inkZ çFkk dk pyu FkkA izkjEHk esa tkudhnsoh izpfyr ijnk izFkk dh ?kksj Ik{k/kj FkhaA tkudhnsoh us ftl fnu ijnk R;kxk] mldks Lej.k djrs gq, fy[kk & ^---- vxzoky egklHkk dk vf/kos'ku gksus okyk Fkk--- teukykyth us tks viuk Hkk"k.k rS;kj fd;k Fkk] mlesa ijnk çFkk ds fojks/k esa Hkh fy[kk FkkA mUgksaus eq>ls vkSj esjh nsojkuh ls dgk fd ijnk NksM+uk gS vkSj mldh 'kq#vkr dkdkth ¼llqjth½ ls gh djuh gS--- ge rks ;g ckr lqudj ilhuk&ilhuk gks x;s- fdlh rjg ge yksx uhps x;s vkSj ç.kke fd;k fd ugha fd;k] Hkkx vk;s--- ^,d ckj igkM+ dh pksVh ij igqap tkuk ljy gksrk] leqæ dks yka?k tkuk Hkh ljy gksrk ij ml le; ?kj esa llqjth ds ikl fcuk ?kwa?kV ds cksyus tkuk cgqr cM+h ckr Fkh---* tkudhnsoh dks viuk ijnk R;kxrs gh nwljksa ls Hkh ,slk djokus dh /kqu yx x;hA dydÙks esa ekjokM+h efgyk lEesyu esa v/;{k cuh vkSj ckiw us muls vius lans'k esa dgk--- ^ijnk j[kdj lhrk jketh ds lkFk taxyksa esa HkVdh gksaxh\ lhrk ls cM+h ifo= L=h txr esa dHkh gqbZ gS\ cguksa ls dgks & ijnk rksM+ks] /keZ j[kks---* |
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vkHkw"k.kksa ls eqfDr tkudhnsoh vU; vkHkw"k.kksa ds vykok dej ds uhps lksus dh rxM+h igurh FkhaA ml le; ds laiUu iq#"kksa esa Hkh rxM+h rFkk vU; ekyk bR;kfn iguus dk fjokt FkkA fL=;ksa esa rks blds fy, fo'ks"k vkd"kZ.k Fkk ghA tc tkudhnsoh 13 lky dh Fkha] rc teukykyth dh çsj.kk ls bl rxM+h dks Lo;a iguuk NksM+ fn;k rFkk ifjokj esa Hkh can djk fn;k vkSj ,d fnu ,slk vk;k] tc ckiw us cguksa ls dgk fd xguk er iguksA rc teukykyth us 1921 esa tkudhnsoh dks ,d Ik= fy[kk fd ckiw dk vkns'k gS xgus R;kx nksA mUgksaus Ik= lkeus j[kk vkSj ,d&,d djds lkjs xgus mrkj fn;sA ;gka rd fd xjhc ls xjhc ekjokM+h fL=;ksa ds fy,] e`R;qi;±r vfuok;Z iSjksa esa jgus okyh ^dM+h* Hkh mrkj Qsadh- mUgksaus ifr dh bl ckr dks fd ^lksuk dfy dk :Ik gS--- bZ";kZ iSnk djrk gS---* viuk dj Lo;a dks oSHko ls vyx djrs gq, vius eafnj esa Hkh Hkxoku dks vkHkw"k.kksa ls eqDr dj fn;kA thou Ik;±r os bl /;s; ls tqM+h jgha vkSj ^dkapu eqfDr* ds fy, efgykvksa dks lnSo rRij vkSj çksRlkfgr djrh jghaA vkt tc f'kf{kr efgykvksa esa Hkh vkHkw"k.kksa ds çfr vkd"kZ.k c<+rk tk jgk gS] tkudhnsoh dk ml le; dk ;g vHkwriwoZ R;kx fl) gksrk gSA |
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fons'kh diM+ksa dks frykatfy Jh teukykyth us lu~ 1921 esa ,d ckj tkudhnsoh ls dgk] ckiw dgrs gSa fd ^fons'kh diM+k jk{kl ds :Ik esa vius ns'k esa iM+k gSA bl iki dks ?kj ls fudkyuk gS---* mUgksaus rqjar bl ckr dh nwjxkeh mi;ksfxrk dks le>k vkSj ?kj&ifjokj] eafnj lc LFkkuksa ls ,d&,d fons'kh diM+ksa dks ,df=r djds mldh gksyh o/kkZ ds vius ?kj ds ¼xka/kh pkSd½ esa tyokbZA brus vf/kd diM+s Fks fd ;g gksyh 7 fnu rd tyhA mudk ;g R;kx ns'k esa n'kZuh; o vuqdj.kh; FkkA ckn esa laiw.kZ ns'k esa fons'kh diM+ksa ds cfg"dkj dh gksM+ yx xbZA Tkkudhnsoh Lo;a bl vkanksyu ds çpkj ds fy, ns'k ds lqnwj vapyksa esa xb±A |
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gfjtu m)kj rRdkyhu lekt esa gfjtuksa dks vNwr ekuk tkrk FkkA mudh ijNkb± iM+us ij Hkh] Li'kZ rks cgqr nwj Fkk] ^vifo=* gks tk;k djrs FksA tkudhnsoh Hkh blh okrkoj.k esa iyh o c<+h FkhaA fdarq tc teukykyth us gfjtu x`g&ços'k dk;ZØe pyk;k rks tkudhnsoh us iw.kZ lg;ksx fn;kA o/kkZ esa ctkt ifjokj }kjk fufeZr y{ehukjk;.k dk HkO; eafnj FkkA 17 tqykbZ 1928 dks xka/khth dh çsj.kk vkSj teukykyth ds vkxzg ls fouksck Hkkos ds usr`Ro esa ;g eafnj gfjtuksa ds fy, [kksy fn;k x;kA tkudhnsoh us blesa viuh iwjh fu"Bk trkbZA bl çdkj ;g eafnj ns'k dk çFke eafnj cukA ftlesa vLIk`';ksa ds ços'k ls ikcanh gVkbZ xbZA vkt rd bl eafnj esa Hkxoku dh ewfrZ;ksa dks çekf.kr [kknh ds oL=ksa dks /kkj.k djk;k tkrk gSA lksus ;k tokgjkr ugha iguk;s tkrs vkSj Hkxoku ds çlkn esa flQZ xk; ds nw/k dk gh mi;ksx gksrk gSA lHkh /keZ] tkfr o oxZ ds yksx leHkko ls eafnj esa n'kZu djus vkrs gSaA tkudhnsoh us dkaxsl dh lnL;rk vfHk;ku ls tqVdj gfjtuksa ds ?kj&?kj tk dj] mUgsa lnL; cukdj Lora=rk vkanksyu dh eq[; /kkjk esa lfEefyr fd;kA ckiw vkSj teukykyth ds tsy ls NwVus ij] ckiw ds gfjtu nkSjs dk HkkjrO;kih dk;ZØe cukA tkudhnsoh us viuh nwljh csVh vkse dks muds lkFk Hkst fn;k tks fd yxHkx ,d lky rd xka/khth ds lkFk jghaA |
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[kknh çpkj&çlkj tkudhnsoh us lekt dks çsj.kk nsus ds fy, vka/kz çns'k dh cf<+;k eghu [kknh u igudj lLrh eksVh [kknh oL= gh igusA muds ifjokj esa eksVh [kknh ds diM+s iguus ls cPpksa dh dksey peM+h fNy xbZ] ij tkudhnsoh fopfyr ugha gqb±A /kksch ls /kqyokus ij diM+k dqN eqyk;e gks ldrk Fkk] ij tkudhnsoh us ;g lkspdj fd /kqyus ls tYnh QV tk;sxk] ,slk ugha fd;kA ef.k Hkou esa ckiw ds izFke n'kZu ikdj og bruh izHkkfor gq;h Fkha fd mUgksaus u dsoy Lo;a pj[kk dkruk 'kq: fd;k] oju~ ?kj ij gh lkB pj[kksa dk izcU/k dj oxZ pykuk izkjEHk fd;kA [kknh ds izlkj ds fy;s lrr~ iz;kl fd;sA tc mudks ;g Hkku gqvk fd vPNh lkQ iwuh ds fcuk dkrus okyk Åc tkrk gS rks mUgksaus vPNh dikl cksus dh O;oLFkk dhA dikl] vius cpksa vkSj ukSdjksa ds lkFk Lo;a pqurhaA #bZ fudkyrha] iqfu;ka cukrha vkSj dkrrhaA [kknh ds çfr mudk ;g vkxzg thou Ik;±r jgkA mudk thou flQZ [kknhe; gh ugha Fkk oju mUgksaus pj[ks dks Lons'kh vkanksyu dk egRoiw.kZ fgLlk Hkh cuk;kA bl laca/k esa dydRrk ,oa fcgkj ds lqnwj xzkeh.k vapyksa esa tkdj tu&tu esa [kknh dk vfHk;ku pyk;kA |
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Lora=rk vkanksyu esa Hkkxhnkjh 18 ekpZ 1923 dks xka/khth ds dkjkokl fnol ij Lo;alsod vkanksyu djus yxsA tfy;kaokyk gR;k dkaM dh ;kn esa ukxiqj esa tqywl fudyk vkSj 18 ebZ dks lR;kxzg çkjaHk gks x;kA FkksM+s gh fnuksa esa teukykyth fxjrkj gks x;sA tkudhnsoh dk blesa iw.kZ lfØ; lg;ksx jgkA 1930 esa tc xka/khth us nkaMh tkdj ued cuk dj ued lR;kxzg djus dk fu'p; fd;k] rc tkudhnsoh us vius T;s"B iq= deyu;u dks Hkh 15 o"kZ dh NksVh mez esa bl vkanksyu esa HkstkA tkudhnsoh us Lo;a cacbZ dh foys ikysZ Nkouh dk nkf;Ro fy;k vkSj viuh lgtrk ls Ik<+s&fy[kksa] de Ik<+s&fy[kksa] fL=;ksa dks] fofHkUu Hkk"kk tkuus okyksa dks eksg fy;kA ,d fnu lqcg 5 cts mUgsa uhan ls mBk;k x;k vkSj dgk x;k fd Lo;alsod lR;kxzg ds fy, vkxs tk jgs gSa] mUgsa os lacksf/kr djsaA mUgksaus tks'k Hkjs Loj esa dgk--- ^Hkkb;ks! Tkhr dj vkvksxs rks vej gks tkvksxs vkSj ejksxs rks vkdk'k esa rkjksa dh rjg pedksxs* os Lo;a Hkh rkM+h&'kjkc dh nqdkuksa ij /kjuk nsus yxhaA Lora=rk vkanksyu dh vy[k txkus ds fy, dydÙkk ls fcgkj igqaphaA ,d ekg esa 45 xkao ?kwehaA çR;sd xkao esa yxHkx rhu&rhu lHkkvksa dks lacksf/kr fd;kA [kknh çpkj] inkZ fuokj.k dk Hkh dk;Z lkFk&lkFk djrh jghaA csfV;ka deyk rFkk enkylk Hkh lkFk FkhaA 1931 esa nwljh xksyest dkUÝsUl ds foQy gks tkus ij iqu% lR;kxzg vkUnksyu esa vf/kd rhozzrk vk;hA tkudhnsoh dk mRlkg ns[krs gh curk FkkA vkuu&Qkuu esa tsy tkus ckyh fL=;ksaa dk tRFkk rS;kj djuk muds vuU; izHkko dk |ksrd FkkA fQjafx;ksa ds fy;s j.kp.Mh cu tSls tkudh tku dh xzkgd FkhaA vUrr% mUgsa Ng% ekg dh ltk gqbZ vkSj vfopfyr tkudh nsoh us ;g ltk o/kkZ rFkk ukxiqj dh tsyksa esa dkVhA tsy dks jktizklkn dh laKk nsdj tkudhnsoh us viuh n`<+ bPNk 'kfDr dk ifjp; fn;kA gj ifjfLFkfr dk] izfrdwyrk dk n`<+rk ls ikyu djus dh {kerk dk ifjp; fn;kA o/kkZ esa mudh laifÙk tCr gks x;h] tqekZuk gks x;k ij tkudhnsoh ugha fMxhaA lu~ 1942 esa ifr teukykth ugha jgsA ckiw ds ^djks ;k ejks* vkanksyu esa mudh iq=o/kw lkfo=h] iq= jke-".k lc lfØ; gks x;sA nkekn JheUukjk;.k Hkh idM+s x;sA tkudhnsoh vius ifr ds NksM+s x;s jpukRed dk;ks± dks ewrZ:Ik nsus ds lkFk&lkFk] bl vkanksyu dh ns[k&js[k] viuk lfØ; lg;ksx] Lora=rk çkfIr rd nsrh jghaA |
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Ukkjh 'kfDr dk mRFkku Ekfgyk mRFkku ds fy, tkudhnsoh us vkthou LrqR; ç;kl fd;sA ukjh f'k{kk ds çfr os cpiu ls gh Lor% iw.kZr;k lefiZr FkhaA 12&13 o"kZ dh voLFkk esa vius FkksM+s v{kj Kku ds lkFk mUgksaus ckfydkvksa rFkk fL=;ksa ds oxZ pykdj mUgsa f'kf{kr djuk çkjaHk dj fn;k FkkA lkekftd ljksdkjksa esa og ukjh dk LFkku cgqr Åapk ekurh FkhaA bl laca/k esa muds fopkj Fks--- çzkphu dky esa xkxhZ] eS=s;h] xk;=h] lqyHkk vkfn fL=;k¡ gh Fkh tks vius rst] cy ls lekt dks çHkkfor djrh FkhA L=h 'kfDr cM+h cyoku gS og ekuo dks iSnk djus ckyh ekrk gSA n;k] /keZ] R;kx dh ewfrZ gSA ml le; fo/kokvksa dks cgqr ghu Hkkouk ls ns[kk tkrk FkkA vi'kdqu ekuk tkrk Fkk vkSj fookg vkfn 'kqHk dk;ks± esa vkxs vkus ls jksdk tkrk FkkA 'kkarkckbZ jkuhokyk cky fo/kok gks x;haA ctkt nEifRr us mUgsa eqagcksyh csVh cuk fy;kA os fookg vkfn 'kqHk voljksa ij vius lkFk ysdj tkrs FksA o/kkZ esa Jh y{ehukjk;.k eafnj esa ,d ewfrZ dh çfr"Bk ds le; çFke vkjrh 'kkarkckbZ jkuhokyk ls djokbZ Fkha vkSj mUgha ds laj{k.k esa efgyk f'k{kk ds fy, efgyk vkJe dh LFkkiuk dh cbZA efgyk mRFkku dk blls cM+k D;k mnkgj.k gks ldrk Fkk\ viuh fo/kok uun vkSj cPpksa dks vius ?kj esa cM+s vknj vkSj eku&lEeku ds lkFk thou Ik;±r j[kkA |
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xks lsok & ,d ikou ladYi teukykyth us xks lsok ds fufeÙk 30 flracj] 1941 esa xks lsok la?k dh LFkkiuk dh FkhA mUgksaus xks lsok lEesyu vk;ksftr dj bl dk;Z esa u;k v/;k; tksM+k FkkA teukykyth ds ckn muds bl iquhr dk;Z dks vkxs c<+k;k tkudhnsoh usA xka/khth ds vkxzg ij og xks lsok la?k dh v/;{kk cuhaA ifr }kjk NksM+h x;h <kbZ yk[k dh jde Hkh xks lsok la?k dks vfiZr dj tkudhnsoh us ,d laU;kfluh cu dj jguk ilUn fd;kA xks lsok ozr bl 'kku ls fd;k fd mudh e`R;q ls igys bl ns'k esa xks j{kk lEcU/kh lafo/kku dk fcy vk x;kA xks /ku ds ckjs esa muds fopkj ;wa Fks--- ßHkkjr esa lnk xks ekrk dk eku gqvk] lsok gqbZ gSA mlh ls nww/k ngh dh ufn;k¡ Hkkjr esa lnk cghaA cSyksa ls [ksrh gqbZ vkSj /ku /kkU; ls Hk.Mkj Hkjs jgsA xksekrk lc dk ikyu djus okyh gSA /kjrh ekrk tUe nsrh gSA xksekrk ikyu djrh gSA [kknh iguks] xk; ikyks! ;gh rks cM+s dke gaSA blesa ns'k dk mn~/kkj gSAÞ cSyxkM+h pkyd cSy dks rst pykus ds fy, vius ydM+h ds lkeus ,d dhy yxkrs Fks vkSj mlls cSy dks ekjrs FksA tkudhnsoh tc ;g ns[krha rks xkM+h ls mrjdj cSyxkM+h pkyd dks le>krha vkSj dhy fudkydj j[k ysrhaA ;g Fkh mudh lân;rkA |
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Hkwnku ,oa dwinku Hkwfeghu fdlkuksa dks Hkwfe fnyokus ds fy, 18 vçSy 1951 dks fouksckth us Hkwnku dk vfHkuo vkanksyu çkjaHk fd;kA iwjs ns'k esa mUgksaus in;k=k dh ftlesa tkudhnsoh ctkt us ru&eu ls lfØ; Hkkx fy;k fQj Hkwnku esa çkIr catj Hkwfe dh flapkbZ ds fy, tkudhnsoh us lu~ 1953 esa ,d cgqr lw>cw> okyh ^dwinku* ;kstuk dk lw=ikr fd;k vkSj Lo;a ^dq,a* bdëk djus ds dk;Z esa tqV xb±A fcgkj tSls jkT; esa tsB cSlk[k dh nqigjh esa ?kj ?kj tkdj ekrkvksa cguksa dks dwinku ;K esa lksuk nku djus dks izsfjr djus dk dk;Z tkudhnsoh us fd;kA ladYi dh /kuh] y{; ds izfr ltx] vuojr iz;kl jr tkudh nsoh th us bl nq:g dk;Z dks Hkh lgt :Ik esa iwjk fd;kA |